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Chorus: substances found in so many places can be called either acids or bases acid is a proton donator base is a proton acceptor why would a compound want to give away its proton actually makes sense, this ain’t no con atoms come together, share their electrons makes a compound, forms a covalent bond electronegative, one of those atoms is most wants to hold both electrons, brings ‘em real close don’t know which one they’re near more look at the periodic table to be sure electronegativity increases as you go right and up, chlorine pulls them electrons real tight shares them with hydrogen, you got HCl oh yeah a proton is a hydrogen ion, well Chorus that’s why HCl is such a strong acid chlorine takes hydrogen’s electron for itself kid in a polar solvent like water it depends H+ floats around lookin’ for a friend H+ means it’s a hydrogen ion brother lost an electron, it really needs another lookin’ to bind, ions are highly unstable lookin’ everywhere, even under the table acids and bases dissociate in water only strong ones do completely, maintain order you can figure out how many protons there are to calculate pH, you’re not very far Chorus pH is a scale, acids on the low side 0 to 14, bases on the high 7 in the middle, the pH of water weak acids and bases on the border 0.01 molar HCl a strong acid really dissociates well in water that means 0.01 H+ concentration man this is easier than multiplication pH= -log proton concentration plug in –log (0.01) almost done, I aint playin’ you pH of this solution is 2 Chorus weaker acids don’t dissociate completely need dissociation constant to figure it out neatly dissociation constant equals Ka Ka equals [H+] [A-] over HA that means you have a relation hydrogen ions, conjugate base in an equation and the undissociated acid molecules that’s the HA, you’ll get it, just follow these rules. figure out pH for acetic acid concentration of that vinegar is 0.2 molar kid Ka is 1.8 x 10-5 set up and plug in, that ain’t no jive Chorus number of hydrogen ions is equal to x same as conjugate base you know what’s next concentration of weak acid doesn’t change fool Ka equals x2 over 0.2 solve for x and you get number of hydrogen ions now you know how to get your pH on. all you gotta do is take negative log calculated pH is 2.7, dawgAudio clip: Adobe Flash Player (version 9 or above) is required to play this audio clip. Download the latest version here. You also need to have JavaScript enabled in your browser.
(attention class) ok to solve any problem, there’s su’m you don’t knowbut I got you though I’m your Algebro
you don’t have all of the numbers in a certain situation gotta do more than quick multiplication
set up all the numbers on da left hand side (on da left)
then the numbers on da right let’s ride (that’s it)
if you don’t know the different sides (what’s that) in the middle is the equals sign…call me
Chorus
A – l – g – e – b – r – o
A – l – g – e – b – r – o A – l – g – e – b – r – o
I’m your Algebro , get it AlgeBro holla
A – l – g – e – b – r – o
A – l – g – e – b – r – o
A– l – g – e – b – r – o
I’m your Algebro, get it
if you would take a look at all the unknowns
we call these variables, tell me what’s wrong
don’t worry I can tell you how to get this right
letters are just numbers in disguise
combine like terms (like terms) yessur
or groups of var-i-ables, that’s my word
hold up now be careful of the exponents keep’ em with the variables , I’m on it
Chorus
simplify whole numbers with like terms right
add or subtract, multiply or divide whatever it says just follow the operation
like terms on different sides of the equation combine like terms, you ain’t gotta be afraid what you do to one side, on the other do the same combine like terms, you ain’t gotta be afraid what you do to one side, on the other do the same Chorus an equation is just like a scale, get it right what you take from left, take the same from the right
simplify the equation but gotta do some more
need to solve for the unknown that we looking for
oh we lookin’ for the “y”, oh it’s no big deal we need “y” by itself , I gotta keep it real just get rid of all the stuff that’s surrounding the “y” do the same thang on the other side Chorus
if you have to divide or subtract, that’s fine
but it has to be aligned on the left and right side
of the equal sign, just a couple more steps and we’ll be ending this ride remember an equation is just like a scale if it starts to tip then you’re surely gonna fail whatever you do to one side, do it to the other
remember this and you won’t need me as your brother
Chorus
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what is this chart? I just don’t understand these numbers and letters are making me dizzy man first look at the atom, aint no big thing basic unit of matter, a part of everything inside float around the positive protons along with all the neutral neutrons protons by themselves get an atomic number ok now I get it, cool as a cucumber atomic number is the number on top of those symbols, seems like they never stop a symbol of a pure chemical it represents or letters that represent an element that’s all I need to know, yeah I got I right but that’s just the start man, don’t put up a fight nest thing is pretty fresh man this is the bomb floatin’ outside is an electron it gets real lonely when it’s only one needs a friend to make a pair so it can have some fun four pairs are even better to make a whole group of eight now that there are eight, each one can feel really great that’s four pairs times two and it’s called the octet rule that’s easy math man I aint no dang fool that’s how an electron loves to behave can exist as a particle, can also be a wave there’s another number we gotta learn in class bigger than the atomic number, it’s called the atomic mass atomic mass is equal to about two times the protons a combo of equal parts protons and neutrons in the heavy elements there might be some trouble atomic mass can weigh a lot more than double lots of energy amongst all those extra neutrons push together repelling positive protons that single element can contain isotopes different atomic masses, man that’s pretty dope emits alpha, beta or gamma rays process called radio-active decay when these atoms split you’d better look out nuclear energy makes me wanna shout instead of fossil fuels, creates electricity keep it out of bombs, like Obama use diplomacy that’s what Einstein showed when he discovered this the power of the atom you’d better not dis it’s got binding energy it really wants to share even when at rest its energy E=mc2 that’s enough background you need to know now got to read the table, I’m gonna show you how gonna have to come in the very next song rap’s goin’ on and on and gettin’ too longAudio clip: Adobe Flash Player (version 9 or above) is required to play this audio clip. Download the latest version here. You also need to have JavaScript enabled in your browser.
Chorus: an organ that permits locomotion lets you move around on land or swim in the ocean also protects, 206 of them bones are part of your endoskeleton two bones come together, that’s called a joint no not this rap joint, you get the point bones move together within a groove cartilage coats your joints, keeps it smooth cartilage, a tissue made of collagen make up your ear and nose and a shark’s fin top of a baby’s head and its knee cap has more than 300 bones that’s a fact babies’ bones not fused together yet son with age they make stronger ones cartilage gets an ossification fix turns 300 bones into 206 Chorus inside bones the soft marrow dwells produces red and white blood cells hope you never need a bone marrow transplant, bud means you got leukemia or cancer of the blood largest bone is femur, in your thigh you hear smallest is stapes, amplifies sounds in your ear three kinds of muscles: skeletal, smooth and cardiac work with bones so you can move forward and back involuntary are cardiac and smooth even when you sleep, man them suckas move skeletal is only one you can control on the b-ball court or playing rock ‘n roll Chorus if you exercise too much, might feel some pain that’s ok because no pain no gain slow and fast twitch muscles, depends on what you need slow for marathons, fast when you need speed myoglobin makes muscles red binds O2 more easily than hemoglobin more energy created for endurance more myoglobin in the slow twitch 100,000 sarcomeres in one muscle cell how it works now I’m gonna tell made of proteins like tropomyosin keeps separated myosin and actin Chorus this is when your bummin’, singing lodi dodi “get up and move you bum” your brain tells your body calcium released from sarcoplasmic reticulum unlocks tropomyosin from actin myosin loves actin, sees that it’s free wants to get with it, that’s how its gotta be binds with crossbridges, creating power strokes muscle contracts, man that aint no joke how are bones and muscles attached ligament connects bone to bone that’s a fact tendons attach muscle to bone now you know it all and you’re in the bone zone ChorusAudio clip: Adobe Flash Player (version 9 or above) is required to play this audio clip. Download the latest version here. You also need to have JavaScript enabled in your browser.
cruisin’ down the highway in your bentley going in a straight line, feelin’ like a G checkin’ out your speed, set at 63 can also use a graph to calculate velocity say x-axis is time and y is position velocity easy to get, don’t you listen just find change of y over change of x slope is rise over run or m…that’s a bet don’t know what I mean, review on my mic a linear function is like that cruise down the pike start at b, where time is zero money y=mx+b, don’t laugh, this ain’t funny Chorus: we ain’t drivin’ in a straight line on our next trip slowin down speeding up as you zip velocity is changing, with acceleration bro need to use calculus to find out all the info non-linear functions are mad confusing this ain’t no simple graph like y=mx+b in a linear function, or a straight line slope is constant each and every time but we aint drivin’ in a straight line on our next trip slowin’ down speeding up as you zip velocity is changing with acceleration bro need to use calculus to find out all the info crazy lookin graph with all them curves slope is always changing, that’s my word gotta calculate the derivative at any point on the line, need to find what it is Chorus y always relates to x as a function also called f(x) at this juncture pick any point on the curve at x y coordinate will be f(x) pick another point along the way, yessur tiny distance h from where you were that x coordinate’s gonna be x+h y will be f(x+h) slope is change in y over change in x m=f(x+h)-f(x) over (x+h)-x almost done now and you’ll be set Chorus that’s numerator over h bro but now we gotta make that tiny h zero can’t have a zero in denom so here’s what we do find limit as h approaches zero dude it ain’t really hard, think more, don’t complain calc is the study of instantaneous rate of change accurate measurements are infinitesimally small listen to my rhyme, ya ‘bout to know it all for finding slope now need a derivative can find it at any point with the function they give f(x) = x2, piece of cake to find derivative just plug in for pete’s sake derivative is dy/dx or f’(x) same thing, none is better than the rest that’s (x+h)2 – x2 over h equals x2 + 2xh + h2 – x2 over h equals 2x+h ya see but h is approachin’ zero, whatd’a think G derivative of x2 is 2x finally ChorusAudio clip: Adobe Flash Player (version 9 or above) is required to play this audio clip. Download the latest version here. You also need to have JavaScript enabled in your browser.
Chorus: DNA is the building block of all life power of these words will cut you like a knife stands for deoxyribonucleic acid make up genes packed in chromosomes, kid just what is it that makes up life’s blueprint called the genetic code but that’s just a hint messages for the cell contained within the nucleus of the cell is where it’s been three billion molecules sequentially attached most in a straight line but there’s a catch it’s a type of chemical called a nucleotide gonna explain now, let’s start this ride broken apart in 45 places to make 46 chromosomes in all human cases chunks of DNA wrapped real tight stores it real good, keeps your genes right Chorus what’s a gene, instruction for the cell son about 23,000 of them in each one that’s a lot of messages, tells the cell what to do your eye color and hair and how tall you’ll be too I’ll break it down even smaller if you care what makes up a gene, 1400 base pairs it’s the way DNA is organized two strands twist together is what we realized in 1953 when they discovered this a double helix shape is how DNA exists Watson and Crick won the Nobel prize secret of life solved, answered a lot of “whys” Chorus 4 types of DNA, each a nucleotide a base with a phosphate and sugar outside guanine always pairs with cytosine thymine loves to get with adenine hydrogen bonds make each pair really strong to make a ladder that’s mad long twist it and you got a double helix shape the genius of nature you just can’t escape that’s the story behind genes and DNA if you forget don’t worry just in your mind say DNA make up genes and genes make up chromosomes nucleus is where chromosomes find a home Chorus how can all your cells have the same genes liver different from your brain, know what I mean in each cell different genes are turned off and on type of cell decides which ones are called upon cells need to divide before they get worn out makes fresh ones every day if you ever had a doubt DNA undergoes process of replication 2 new strand are formed, look out for mutations double helix gets unzipped with helicase nucleotides are added by DNA polymerase mutation can happen if not in the right order may cause cancer or Alzheimer’s, a genetic disorderAudio clip: Adobe Flash Player (version 9 or above) is required to play this audio clip. Download the latest version here. You also need to have JavaScript enabled in your browser.
energy is obtained by nutrition that’s how this rhyme will come to fruition let’s start with your digestive tract begins with your mouth and that’s a fact teeth and tongue chop up the food you eat mechanical digestion you just can’t beat when you want to make the food easier to go down the esophagus or food tube bro before you swallow there’s one more thing saliva dissolves starch chemically uses an enzyme called amylase goes on in your mouth while your stuffing your face Chorus: digestion abstracts energy originally from the sun you gotta listen to me plants absorb the rays and animals eat plants we eat plants and animals man it makes me wanna dance smooth muscles push that food through after you swallow through the esophagus, a tube that’s hallow peristalsis it’s called even when you’re upside down food falls into the stomach, contains HCl coated with mucous, protects it well enzyme pepsin digests proteins at amino acid terminals like tyrosine one more step to complete digestion food goes from stomach to the small intestine for proteins we have protease fats broken down by lipase Chorus maltase there to digest maltose sucrase there to digest sucrose liver makes bile stored in gall bladder this all happens in the small intestine, a very important matter bile acts by emulsifying fat food finally hydrolyzed, can ya hear that lining contains lots of villi inside are capillaries, can you figure out why nutrients are transported by the blood stream takes it to the cells, systems work as a team remember other system is circulatory gives the cell energy but that’s another story food dried of nutrients now but still lots of water re-absorption in large intestine is a direct order forms it into waste, feces is queued stored in the rectum, ‘till you make a number 2 Chorus animals that need to eat and are called heterotrophs plants make food from the sun and are called autotrophs it’s photosynthesis an entirely different process if I explained that right now man it would be a mess if you know how and why we need to eat that’s cool make the right choices don’t be no fool food eventually enters your blood from your head to your feet that food becomes you, you are what you eat ChorusAudio clip: Adobe Flash Player (version 9 or above) is required to play this audio clip. Download the latest version here. You also need to have JavaScript enabled in your browser.
Chorus: take all the points equidistant from one center and in an instant you have a shape that very familiar a circle is round and well, it’s circular parts are real easy, a few you need to know radius is length of center to outside, yo double radius and you’ve got diameter goes from one side straight to the other take the outside and go all the way around length is circumference, like a king’s crown go around a wheel, my bling, or anything that’s round see circumference everywhere, don’t be no clown special number you also need to know called π mathematical constant, same everywhere, why divide circumference by diameter, this is pretty fly always get 3.14 no matter circle’s size Chorus Egyptians were the first to discover pi used it to build the pyramids so high tallest manmade structures in the world, believe me for nearly 4,000 years until 1311 A.D. let’s say circumference is C, diameter d then C=πd, aint this easy if radius is r then C is 2πr Since d is double r, now we’re goin really far let’s try an example with Dayton 22’s 22 inches in diameter you use use C=πd on that sweet ride length around that rim is 69.115 Chorus what if you want to know the size of some bling droppin a G per sq inch of that round thing need to know the area to figure out the cost A=πr2, now you the boss times the radius by itself then pi radius is 3 inches, 32 is 9 wastin your dollars, instead you could buy a car price of that piece is more than 28 large when your ridin’ on your Ds and you got a mad thirst is a soda can enough, gotta know sumthin’ first can is a cylinder, top is a circle aight find area then multiply by height Chorus find volume of how much the can can fill it’s V=πr2h, now you can chill until you get to the basketball game see that sphere get taken to the hole by LeBron James rules say make C 29.5 inches dude can you find the volume if it’s 4/3πr3 any circumference equals 2πr told you this is true no matter where you are divide each side by 2 and get 14.75 then by π and r equals 4.695 plug that in to 4/3πr3 fo sho volume in cubic inches is about 434Audio clip: Adobe Flash Player (version 9 or above) is required to play this audio clip. Download the latest version here. You also need to have JavaScript enabled in your browser.
Chorus: ever wonder why a plant doesn’t need to eat makes food from the sun, that you can’t beat uses water during this process too creates sugar from light and CO2 now it’s got energy to grow called photosynthesis, you didn’t know does the opposite of what we do plants take in carbon dioxide and release O2 what makes a plant green? I’m glad you asked photosynthesis takes place inside the chloroplast plant cells can contain 100 or only one filled with chlorophyll, where this process runs chemistry of photosynthesis is mad easy bro start with 6CO2 and 6H2O add sunshine and chlorophyll to the mix end up with C6H12O6 Chorus that’s sugar, food or glucose plant eats it for breakfast like we eat toast also makes 6O2 that we need 6 molecules of oxygen so we can breathe studying the chloroplast won’t put you in a coma inside is a fluid-filled region called the stroma there you find the grana look like stacks of coins what make up the grana are thylakoids that’s where chlorophyll makes it all happen two stages of photosynthesis: light and dark reactions light reactions use the sun’s photons you see make NADPH and ATP Chorus happens in the chlorophyll reaction centers antenna pigments gather the light as it enters these molecules bounce energy to Photosystem 1 or Photosystem 2, depends on the wavelength son PS 2 absorbs light at 680 nanometers PS 1 absorbs light at 700 nanometers depends on the chlorophyll type, ain’t tryin’ to be shady PS1 is P700 and PS 2 is P680 noncyclic photophosphorylation you see uses PS2 and PS1 to make ATP photon is captured, to P680 it goes activate electrons, to primary acceptor they flow Chorus how’d it get electrons, photolysis is how P680 splits water now takes 2 electrons and makes H and O2 that’s lots of O2 for me and you next electrons go down transport chain son arrive at P700 or PS1 hydrogen ions are pumped into the thylakoid then move through ATP synthase boy ATP is produced by ADP and phosphate photon hits PS1 a little bit late two electrons travel through another chain NADP becomes NADPH with the 2e- gain Chorus less efficient method when there’s no more NADP no NADPH produced only ATP proton is captured, excites two electrons go down the chain, then back to Photosytem 1 this is called cyclic phosphorylation cyclic because electrons go in a cycle son NADPH is not made in it no electrons from water because it’s not split all light reactions occur in the thylakoids where all these pigments are, filling the void rest of the stuff occurs in the stroma, ain’t this fun now let’s rap about the dark reactions Chorus energy is stored to make the food you see in the NADPH and ATP but it needs carbon for the 6C’s sugar, glucose and it gets it from me how does it get it, well gets it from you too it’s the stuff we breathe out in the form of CO2 carbon dioxide is turned into carbs called carbon fixation, lets a plant live large CO2 enters the Calvin cycle now need to know a li’l chemistry let’s break it down CO2 has one carbon, combines with 5 ribulose bisphophate with 6C’s comes alive Chorus RuBP carboxylase makes the reaction strong that’s what an enzyme does, it pushes it along what enzymes do, they make things happen proteins that control living things while your rappin’ we’ll get more into enzymes in another joint let’s get back to the original point say 3 RuBP’s combine with CO2’s they found creating 3 unstable 6C compounds forms 6 phosphoglycerates when it breaks down or 6 PGA’s that’s 6 3C compounds from 6 ATP’s it steals a phosphate now you got 6 bisphosphglycerates Chorus next take 6NADPH, well it makes 6 glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (PGAL) these joints contain lots of energy will all that NADPH and ATP 5 PGAL recombine to form 3 RuBP are you still with me, total C’s are 15 PGAL is used to make C6H12O6 PGAL has only 3 C’s but glucose has 6 I tell ya its true, rappin’ from the heart I know you can get it, ya seem pretty smart ya want me to tell ya, aight I’ll be nice get 2PGAL from going through the Calvin cycle twice that’s 2 times three carbons, now do ya get it 6 Carbons make glucose, how does that sit too much info about plants, is that what’s the matter say this rap a couple times you’ll get the whole enchilada ya see without the sun all animals would die the original G of all of us that ain’t no lie so next time you see it say thank you bro for taking care of me and all the peeps I knowAudio clip: Adobe Flash Player (version 9 or above) is required to play this audio clip. Download the latest version here. You also need to have JavaScript enabled in your browser.
fraction is a part of a whole telling you this from the depth of my soul don’t let this confuse your head all you need to know is what I just said top number is the number where we start called the numerator, this is the part denominator is the number below this is the whole, am I goin’ to slow Chorus: fraction is a part of a whole telling you this from the depth of my soul going to use this even when you’re old ok now we’re on a roll fractions are easy to multiply listen up now gonna tell you why if you wanna do it just the right way then you gotta listen to what I say multiply the top called the numerators multiply the bottom called the denominators don’t forget to simplify when you’re done ‘cuz multiplying fractions can be mad fun dividing is more of the same flip the second fraction, don’t be lame change the operation to multiply now you know what to do, don’t ask why Chorus at this next part you really gotta think for adding fractions you’re gonna have to link the two together with a common denom add the top only man ain’t this the bomb subtracting is pretty much the same way as adding you heard what I say subtract the top and remain calm as long as you found the common denom if your answer is an improper fraction you’re not finished you gotta take some action to a mixed number you gotta change back and simplify to lowest terms c’mon don’t slack Chorus an improper fraction you know how to figure bottom is small and the top is bigger remember that the line means divide gotta do long division can’t let you slide what you got left is the numerator divisor will be you denominator add it to the whole and now it’s all fixed simplify, you got a number that’s mixed not sure how to simplify find a common multiple gonna tell you why reduce that fraction to lowest terms better do this or else get burned ChorusAudio clip: Adobe Flash Player (version 9 or above) is required to play this audio clip. Download the latest version here. You also need to have JavaScript enabled in your browser.
Chorus: lots of information from outside world y’all there’s a type of cell that helps you process it all this rhyme’s gonna make you convulse neuron transmits a nerve impulse neuron is a nerve cell, it’s specialized billions connected, if you didn’t realize made of three parts mon cell body, dendrites and axon 3 kinds are used when your reaching for a soda sensory, interneuron, and motor sensory feels the cold wet can interneurons transmit message to the brain and spinal cord, figure out what’s goin’ on producing response in the motor neuron cell body contain nucleus and organelles dendrite receives the stimuli and tells the axon to transmit impulse along like railroad tracks to the next neuron when not transmitting they have resting potential lots of potassium ions inside is essential less sodium ions inside the axonal membrane Na K ATPase pump helps to maintain pumps 3 sodiums outside while pushing 2 potassiums inside Chorus all those extra pluses cause negativity charge inside of -70mV neuronal membrane is polarized no stimulus will change it unless a decent size minimum amount of stimulus for a neuron is called a threshold for it to respond action potential produces nerve impulse son doesn’t fire part way, only all-or-none sodium ion channels open up lots of pluses rush in, that’s wassup depolarization changes negative inside is now 35 positive potassium channels open, ions rush out repolarization occurs through a different route negative on the inside again but the ions switched, inside is sodium refractory period sets the neuron straight sodium-potassium pump restores its former state kicks out three sodiums brings in two potassiums Chorus until resting potential is reached again you might feel cold at first and not feel it then try jumping into a pool, neurons fire a lot after a while you get numb unless water turns hot through domino effect action potential spreads transmitted down membrane till it gets to the end end of axon is called axon bulb, jack neurotransmitters released into the synapse across this empty space binds to dendrites of the next neuron at receptor sites lots of neurotransmitters including acetylcholine 1st one discovered by Otto Loewi won the Nobel Prize in 1936 father of Neuroscience man that’s pretty sick acetylcholine stimulates skeletal muscle function at the motor neuron of the neuromuscular junction acetyl cholinesterase breaks down the excess hangin’ around the synapse, cleans up that mess myelin sheath insulates axon really well increases impulse speed, produced by Schwann cells impulse hops along nodes of Ranvier gaps in between myelin sheaths, we clear if you dis myelin it’ll make my blood boil it’s mad important, memba Lorenzo’s Oil ChorusAudio clip: Adobe Flash Player (version 9 or above) is required to play this audio clip. Download the latest version here. You also need to have JavaScript enabled in your browser.
Chorus: gonna talk about angles and lines if you please unit of an angle is a degree not the degree that makes you hot or cold this aint temperature, ain’t even close start with two lines in this joint converge at the vertex, or an endpoint the point I’m tryin’ to make with this rhyme, it’s not it’s a geometric point, looks like a dot angulus means corner in Latin ankylos means crooked in Greek if you’re rappin’ corners everywhere, 90 degree angles listen up now, so with angles you can tangle one line drawn straight up, makes an angle right in Latin it’s rectus, in English that’s upright word borrowed from the Romans, ya see Julius Caesar was a G until 44 BC Chorus draw a line inside an angle of 90 degrees now you got two angles called complementary for example if you got an angle of 33 its complementary is 57, B if you open angle wider, double the size to you might look like a straight line there’s still a vertex as you can see got yourself an angle of 180 degrees if you cut this angle of 180 now you got two called supplementary for example if you got an angle of 120 supplementary is 60, money Chorus vertical angles formed by intersecting lines easy way to find ‘em all each and every time opposite ones are equal to each other that’s the truth kid, even ask your mother for example if one angle is 70 find vertical angle x, man that’s easy x is 70 and other two you can find supplementary angle on other side of the line that means other two are 110 supplementary angles equal 180 and opposites are the same, now you know it all now let’s talk about an angle that’s really small small is a cute little angle now acute angles are less than 90 degrees, wow fat angles are obese or obtuse greater than 90, that angle got some juice wanna intersect parallel lines, don’t hit the floor 2 sets of vertical angles turn into 4 same exact angles are formed below don’t let these corresponding angles make ya slow all you need to know about angles there it is so you can pass that math quiz if you get stuck and need to discover listen to my rhyme to have all the angles covered ChorusAudio clip: Adobe Flash Player (version 9 or above) is required to play this audio clip. Download the latest version here. You also need to have JavaScript enabled in your browser.
Chorus: life aint as simple as one and one is two gotta talk about negatives wichu integers include the entire bunch in Latin that means “whole” or “untouched” whole numbers and their negatives are all called integers kid zero are part of integers, I aint lyin’ first ones to know this were the Mayans was a place holder in their calendars of a base 20 system, not 10 like ours probably ‘cuz they didn’t just count on their hands also on their toes in that Chiapas land southernmost part of Mexico round 36 B.C. wrote the first zero by 628 had it in India written in a book by Brahmagupta world won’t end in 2012 so don’t be scared starts a new baktun of bout 400 years this ain’t no show like gigante breakin’ it down like Jaime Escalante start with number line in both directions, yo positives on the right, increase as they go negatives on the left, don’t get messed up value becomes less as numbers go up Chorus to add, go right from the starting point to subtract go left from the starting point answer is on the number that you land can do it another way, yes you can adding a negative is an easy situation change to positive while changing to subtraction subtract a negative, gotta do the same switch to addition and to positive you change for example take 18+(-7) answer you get gonna be 11 or if you take 30-(-10) 40 is your answer my friend or try 4+(-8) know what you get -4 will be your answer, that’s a sure bet if you got 4 and lose 8 you down a few bro you owe four and that’s less than zero Chorus multiply and divide gotta know something couple rules now while that beat is pumpin’ signs are same answer is positive signs are different answer is negative a negative times a positive is a negative a positive times a negative is a negative a positive times a positive is a positive a negative times a negative is a positive divide is the same rule as multiplyin’ that’s all there is to integers, stop ya cryin’ add, subtract, multiply or divide it’s all good man, give it a try -9 times 4, don’t need no tricks signs are different so you get -36 -3 times -5 gives ya +15 ‘cuz signs are the same, u know what I mean -40 divided by 8 answer is -5, aint that great 54 divided by -6 equals -9 gon’ be negative each an every timeAudio clip: Adobe Flash Player (version 9 or above) is required to play this audio clip. Download the latest version here. You also need to have JavaScript enabled in your browser.
in the world there are two kinds of things the ones that are alive and the ones non-living I’m not busting this rhyme hoping that it sells I’m here to drop some knowledge, the difference is the cells cells are the basic units of all life make up plants and animals, not a fork or a knife won’t find them in rocks or even in your rims they’re in your head and in your toes, when you take off your timbs all creatures have them in the water or on land a lion or a shark, a crab living in the sand cells also make up any type of plant a tree or a bush, this mic I’m holding it just can’t it’s got to be made up of cells to be living a blade of grass, a flower or a turkey before Thanksgiving Chorus cells..we’re made up of cells cells are made of organelles cells..we’re made up of cells cells are made of organelles all plants and animals are made up of cells each cell is made up of parts called organelles so tiny you need a microscope to see about 100 trillion cells make up you me even tinier are the parts called organelles most important is the nucleus, it’s the brains of the cell packed in chromosomes contains the DNA tells the cell what to do, and the nucleus, it don’t play then there are ribosomes that make protein also are the lysosomes, they keep the cell clean throughout the cell travels the endoplasmic reticulum its job is to transport proteins to and from and then there are vacuoles to store food and waste and the golgi complex to package protein the cell makes you know what, all plants and animals are made up of cells and each cell is made up of parts called organelles Chorus the mitochondrion is the cell’s powerhouse it helps a cat run when it’s chasing a mouse from oxygen and food it makes energy it takes air and a burger to create ATP this is a process called aerobic respiration it’s why we always need to breathe at work or on vacation the doorway to the cell is the cell membrane a flexible outer shell it’s job is to contain all of the organelles it makes me want to shout ‘cuz it lets the good things in and keeps the bad things out besides the organelles the cell isn’t empty space it’s filled with a cytoplasm, I’ll say it to your face it’s a fluid made of mostly water so things can float around you best believe this or else you’ll get a beat-down Chorus now there is a big difference between a plant and you plant cells have all the same organelles but two it’s surrounded by something to make it stand tall it doesn’t have any bones so it needs a cell wall the other in a plant helps to make it’s own food it’s called a chloroplast, I ain’t trying to be rude you see plants are not like us because they don’t have to eat gonna faint when you here this, you better take a seat it’s called photosynthesis and you’re ain’t gonna believe it plants turn sunrays into food, can you even conceive it a hundred trillion cells make up you and me it’s the basic unit of all life, don’t you see now you know everything there is to know about the cell I’m so proud that you do it makes me want to yell ChorusAudio clip: Adobe Flash Player (version 9 or above) is required to play this audio clip. Download the latest version here. You also need to have JavaScript enabled in your browser.
Chorus: if you see a long mathematical expression man simplify it by combining what you can makes it much easier, don’t make me stutter PEMDAS makes math smooth like butter first is the P, means Parentheses go inside those curved lines, believe me do all the math you find in them rewrite the expression now my friend E for Exponents in the second phase those little numbers you see that are raised for example if you have 3 to the second power make it a 9 real fast, don’t take an hour third is M for Multiplication in an expression or an equation simplify by timesin’ what you see and if no operation next to parentheses Chorus D is for Divide, order number four divide could be a slash or maybe something more a line in a fraction that can be simplified or two dots above and below a straight line Addition is the operation second to last almost done with PEMDAS so that test you can pass add the numbers with addition signs between ‘em son should have no other operations left but one number six is Subtraction, that’s the S look for tiny horizontal line, don’t guess difference between two numbers, just about done take away amount on right from the left one Chorus if you forget PEMDAS don’t sweat it remember this phrase that’ll help you get it Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally it’s in every classroom from NYC to Cali ChorusAudio clip: Adobe Flash Player (version 9 or above) is required to play this audio clip. Download the latest version here. You also need to have JavaScript enabled in your browser.
Chorus: crazy talk don’t make no sense jack don’t act the fool, just quote the stats if you about to say sumthin’ wack Probability Police got yo back you can predict the future without guessin’ don’t need a psychic, with you I aint messin’ collect and organize the data driven metrics interpret the trends, it’s called statistics kinda tough to say things are a 100% if it hasn’t happened yet, then it’s a future event lookin’ at past data though is pretty ill see if it can’t happen or if it probably will data is information based on facts not sensational stories, thems things is wack got an argument, back it up, don’t be lazy refer to documented info, else you be lookin’ crazy probability is number of favorable outcomes divided by total number of possible outcomes if you flip a coin and want it to come up heads got a 1 out of two chance, 50% I said Chorus 1 divided by 2 equals five tenths that’s 0.5 or 50 hundredths convert to percent by takin’ my advice move the decimal to the right twice 36 possible outcomes with two die 6 different ways to roll a seven, guy most common combo for that event probability is 17% jar with 20 marbles has 9 green 4 red 7 black that you can see probability of not grabbing a red one 16 over 20 or 80% son listing all outcomes is something to do later mean, median, mode are ways of lookin’ at data mean is average, all the values you add divide by the number of values you have Chorus median is the value in the middle, yessur after listing them all in ascending order mode appears the greatest number of times now comes the graphing part of this rhyme data in a picture makes it more clear pie chart lists percentages, have no fearline and bar graphs, we’ll be releasing to tell is something is increasing or decreasing global warming is a hot topic temperature going up pretty quick don’t take my word for it, check the statistics line graph looks like a hockey stick pie chart says 33% got obesity 1 out of every three of us need to eat more healthy bar graph tells us that by 2018, ya hear medical costs will be about $344 billion per year look at the past to predict the trends make positive changes now and see what happens gotta gather up all the info and look at it all the different ways bro Chorus
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Chorus: nervous about this system, no need to be gonna break it down, I gotcha G lots of terms you may not know now say this rhyme couple times, I’ll show ya how 2 Parts to the nervous system that’s my word 1 consists of the brain and spinal cord called Central Nervous System or CNS Peripheral Nervous System includes all the rest 7 parts of the brain there are 1st is cerebrum, it’s the largest part from the five senses, interprets information from up top controls all voluntary functions gotta shove all these facts into your brain don’t let it make you insane it’s the most important organ, don’t wanna hear you complain gonna feel this rhyme till I feel your pain Chorus next is cerebellum located below helps to coordinate those movements, ya know allows you to be a fly breakdancer memba that for a science quiz answer 3rd is hypothalamus, secretes hormones, aight maintains homeostasis, your environment inside next is medulla, controls your heart beat involuntary actions, it’s why you breathe while you sleep gotta shove all these facts into your brain don’t let it make you insane it’s the most important organ, don’t wanna hear you complain gonna feel this rhyme till I feel your pain Chorus then we got pons, latin for bridge connects parts of the brain ya dig midbrain is 6, reflex for eyes and ears helps eyes blink, and respond to what you hear last is thalamus, relays the info. between cerebrum and the spinal cord below that’s all there is to the CNS dawg a brain of 7 parts and 1 spinal cord gotta shove all these facts into your brain don’t let it make you insane it’s the most important organ, don’t wanna hear you complain gonna feel this rhyme till I feel your pain Chorus now let’s get into PNS Peripheral Nervous System is way to say it best break it down into somatic and autonomic voluntary for somatic, automatic is autonomic autonomic is broken down in two sympathetic and parasympathetic too sympathetic response is “fight or flight” parasympathetic brings it down right one more thing is the cerebral cortex it’s the gray matter, don’t mean to vex outer part of cerebrum, it makes it up inside you got white matter that’s wassupAudio clip: Adobe Flash Player (version 9 or above) is required to play this audio clip. Download the latest version here. You also need to have JavaScript enabled in your browser.
Chorus: When you got two fractions that are the same but written differently, call it another name it’s the same but now you’ve got a ratio so amped about this I made the ratio flow percent is also part of this scene and decimal too, know what I mean don’t get excited, I’ll explain exactly you’ll understand man as a matter of factly when you got part of a whole you only got a fractiongonna show you how you can take action
can express it as something else don’t you know
call it a percent, ok here we go
take the top number that you call the numerator
then the bottom number you call the denominator
divide the top by the bottom then multiply
by 100, you got percent, gonna tell you why
a percent is the part of a whole
whole being 100, now we’re on a roll
just like a fraction a percent is a part
it’s also called a ratio, we’re only at the start
a ratio and a fraction are the same thing
but you gotta know somethin’ I swear on my bling
the line in a fraction is called “divided by”
it also means “is to”, gonna tell you why Chorus ratios compare two similar fractions
don’t be confused, just take some action
realize one half is the same as two fourths
because 1 is to 2 as 2 is to 4 the word “as” can also mean “equals”
if you memorize this I’ll let you see the sequel
two thirds is the same as ten fifteenths
because 2 is to 3 as 10 is to 15
ratios aren’t hard, I ain’t lying
all you do is convert by multiplying
top and the bottom by the same number
to get a ratio of the fraction, you ain’t any dumber
sometimes you need to think a bit more
and find a missing number that you’re looking for
need to set up two similar fractions the correct way
into ratios, man you better not play
Chorus the missing number can be found by cross-multiplying
and doing some algebra, I told you I’m not lying
you can find the missing number in a snap
if you think of Algebro, he always got your back fraction can be written as a decimal level of doubt is infinitesimal remember that the line means divide gotta do long division, can’t let you slide already rapped this in another track not gonna repeat it, don’t wanna sound wack you’re smart enough now to get it on your own you can solve any problem man now you’re in a zone Chorus
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Chorus: 90 degrees make up a right angle corner of a square or a rectangle forms a type of triangle that’s right gonna rhyme about this with all my might gonna rhyme about triangles if you don’t mind in total there are a few different kinds isosceles 2 sides are the same scalene 3 unequal of a frame one special shape is everywhere though look in a corner, right triangle bro 3 angles, one of which is 90 degrees understand this and you’ll hold all the keys sides are called 2 legs and hypotenuse hypotenuse gives the right angle juice from the right angle on the opposite side as the longest side it’s got a lot of pride Chorus other angles smaller than 90 degrees all add up to 180 don’t you see leg can be opposite or adjacent solve trig problems, don’t be complacent need to use sine, cosine and tangent properties of an angle, understand it if not don’t worry too much just use SOHCAHTOA to get you through the clutch sine is opposite over hypotenuse cosine is adjacent over hypotenuse tangent is opposite over adjacent right angle expert now you can represent Chorus with a calculator and limited info you can figure out sides and angles bro the way to measure ‘em when you see ‘em formula called the Pythagorean theorem let’s say hypotenuse is “c” and the legs are “a” and “b” in every right triangle everywhere a2 + b2 = c2 Pythagoras was an old school G in Greece he lived around 500 BC wrote the first proof to the theorem beat India to it and the Babylonians Chorus let’s say you gotta build a ramp 3 feet tall start it four feet from the wall will let you know how much wood you need shred that baby at just the right speed just plug in 3 and 4 into the Pythagorean theorem, nothing more take the square root of 25 length is five, now skate and stay alive if a plane takes off at 40 degrees how high is it if it travels 2000 feet use SOHCAHTOA to find opposite sine of 40 times 2000, that’s it Chorus suppose you need to find a side hypotenuse is 13, other is 5 find the missing leg by yourselves Pythagorean theorem says that it’s 12 ChorusAudio clip: Adobe Flash Player (version 9 or above) is required to play this audio clip. Download the latest version here. You also need to have JavaScript enabled in your browser.
Chorus: system’s called circulatory nourishing cells is the gist of this story heart pumps blood, takes oxygen we breathe with nutrients to the cell it feeds similar cells come together to form tissues different tissues join so you won’t have any issues organs work together to maintain life function gonna rhyme about a system at this juncture how do you transport nutrients to the cell or take away waste, this I’m gonna tell fluid transports smooth so that there’s no flood it’s the circulatory system, uses a tissue called blood blood’s make of plasma which is mostly water aight suspends 2 types of cells, red blood cells and white RBC’s contain hemoglobin carries O2 to every cell that make up me and you Chorus white blood cells defend us, could be a phagocyte eats them germs attacked by lymphocytes lymphocytes produce antibodies that surround bacteria or a virus, phagocyte gulps ‘em down 3 kinds of blood vessels so flow is maintained capillaries arteries and veins veins take blood to the heart, arteries away if you can’t remember this think away = “a” capillaries are microscopic, thickness of one cell branch from arteries, keeps your tissues well brings O2 and nutrients, takes away waste CO2 released once O2 is displaced process is called blood oxygenation happens to every human from every nation reason why we need to breathe all the time cant you see aerobic organisms use it for energy Chorus blood flows through the veins and on to the heart a 4 chambered pump, it’s the most important part blood enters right atrium from the vena cava flows into right ventricle just like lava right ventricle pumps to the lungs blood goes gets more O2 then back to the heart it flows through left atrium to the most muscular part left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to all your body parts through the aorta a blood vessel baller the largest artery then branches into smaller down to capillaries drops off O2 you see cycle then repeats automatically now you know the function of your blood and your heart it’s so beautiful, not a science but an art stay healthy, heart disease is killer #1 eat lots of raw veggies and exercise, son
